Menstrual pain, also known as dysmenorrhea, is a common condition experienced by many women every month. This pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen and sometimes spreads to the back or thighs. Dysmenorrhea can be divided into two types, namely primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is generally experienced by young women who are menstruating for the first time, while secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by certain medical conditions such as endometriosis or fibroids.
Menstrual cramps are caused by uterine contractions that help shed the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) that is no longer needed when fertilization does not occur. These contractions are triggered by increased levels of the hormone prostaglandin, which is also responsible for pain and inflammation. In some women, high levels of prostaglandin can cause stronger uterine contractions, resulting in more intense pain.Common symptoms of dysmenorrhea include lower abdominal cramps, lower back pain, nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. The intensity of the pain can vary, from mild to very disruptive to daily activities. In some cases, menstrual pain can be so severe that it causes dizziness or fainting. If the pain you experience does not decrease or actually gets worse over time, it is important to consult a doctor because this can be an indication of a more serious health problem.
To overcome menstrual pain, there are several ways that can be done. Warm compresses on the stomach or lower back area are often effective in relieving cramps. Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol can also help reduce pain. In addition, light exercise, yoga, and relaxation techniques such as meditation can help reduce muscle tension and increase blood flow, thereby reducing pain. In more serious cases, your doctor may recommend hormonal treatment or surgery, depending on the cause of the pain. It is important for women to pay attention to their body condition during menstruation. If menstrual pain continues to interfere with daily activities or is accompanied by other unusual symptoms, such as very heavy bleeding or pain that does not subside, it is advisable to seek medical help immediately. Dysmenorrhea can be a sign of a health problem that requires further treatment, and should not be taken lightly.